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The method · five instruments

The instruments.

Five named things, in the order they are used. Each is published in full, each can be run without me, and each hands something to the next. A leadership team that uses all five has gone from where are we, to what did we decide, to how do we compare. Most use one.

Rahim Hirji advises chief executives, boards and leadership teams, in person worldwide and online. He is an independent advisor on AI and human judgement, the author of SuperSkills (Kogan Page, 2026), and has run, grown, bought and advised businesses with AI in them. He also speaks, to senior rooms rather than conferences. He founded the skills platform EtonX, later acquired by Eton College, and led Quizlet’s international growth across more than 60 countries.

Published, broadcast and bylinedPublished by Kogan Page, part of Hachette UK  ·  On air with the BBC, 11 appearances across three months in 2026, including the World Service and Radio 5 Live  ·  Bylined in The Observer and The European Business Review  ·  The record

One. The Drift versus Design Matrix, which diagnoses

The question it answers: where is this organisation designing the relationship between its people and these systems, and where is it drifting into one? Four positions, and most functions are in a different one from the one their leadership would name.

Used since at least 16 November 2025, where the matrix is named as a framework from the book. It is the instrument the rest of the argument is built on. The matrix.

Rahim Hirji speaking from a lectern to a seated audience in a wood-panelled hall
Mid-keynote, to a seated room

Two. The Twelve, which interrogates

Twelve questions a board should ask about AI, in four groups, each paired with the answer that should worry you, with the one that matters most at the end. The value of a board question lies entirely in knowing what a bad answer sounds like, so the bad answers are printed next to the questions.

Free, published in full, and written to be read out in a meeting. The twelve questions, and one page for the board pack.

Three. Rules Before Tools, which decides

One day with the executive team, and the rule that gives it its name: the rules are written before the next tool is bought, not after it has been deployed and the question has become how to justify it.

What comes out is three lines: what the machines may do, who can stop each one, and how the organisation would know if it went wrong, in the room’s own words rather than a consultant’s. Rules Before Tools.

Four. The Delegation Boundary Map, which draws the line

Where the decisions actually sit, function by function, and which of them have moved without anybody deciding that they should. It is the instrument that turns a policy about AI into a statement about particular decisions, which is the only form a board can hold anyone to.

The map.

Five. The Drift Index, which measures

The annual reading: how far organisations have drifted, published on a stated cadence so that the second edition is comparable with the first and the tenth is a record of what happened to a generation of work.

It is in progress rather than published. The cadence is stated in advance deliberately, because an annual instrument whose date is announced after the data is collected is a report rather than an index. What it will measure, and when.

The concepts the instruments are built on

Two ideas sit underneath all five and are not instruments in their own right. Capability debt is what an organisation accumulates when it automates faster than it maintains the ability to do the work unaided. The missing rungs is what happens to the route by which juniors became seniors when the junior work is the work that goes first.

The missing rungs and synthetic seniority are claimed as coinages here. Capability debt is not: it has been used and developed across four dated essays in three different senses, and no dated first use has been established, which is recorded on the accuracy page along with everything else this research has got wrong.

Using them without me

All five are published rather than licensed. Run the matrix on your own leadership team, put the Twelve to your own executive, and hold your own Rules Before Tools day. Nothing here needs a signature and nothing is behind a form.

What an outside person adds is the part an internal one cannot: asking whether the person named as the check on a system could actually catch a wrong answer, which is an uncomfortable question to put to a colleague and a straightforward one to put to a stranger who sells you nothing else.

Formats and logistics
Instruments
Five, published in full
Cost to use
Nothing. All five are public
Where they are used
Board sessions, executive days, and the annual Index
What they produce
A written record a board can be held to
Based
London, travels worldwide
What the first conversation usually sounds like, in composite“We have read the argument and we agree with it. What we do not have is a thing to do on Tuesday.”
Before you book

Questions about the instruments.

Can we use these without hiring you?

Yes, and that is the intention. All five are published in full, none is licensed, and none sits behind a form. A leadership team that runs the matrix and puts the Twelve to its own executive has done most of the value.

Which one should we start with?

The Twelve if you are a board, because it is twelve questions and an hour. The matrix if you are an executive team, because it produces a picture of where you actually are rather than a list of what you have bought.

Are these proprietary?

No. They are published under a Creative Commons licence like the rest of the research, with citation details on every page. Use them, cite them, and correct them where they are wrong.

Is the Drift Index available?

Not yet. It is committed and in progress, with the cadence stated in advance. The page for it describes what it will measure and when, and says plainly that it has not been published.

The instruments

Tell me which of these you want run, and on whom.

A reply within 24 hours, and a conversation before anything is proposed.

Enquire or email rahim@thesuperskills.com

The argument the instruments serve is at judgement. For a board, the section starts at board advisory. The parent page for all of this is AI keynote speaker. Browse every topic, audience and region, or take the speaker pack to whoever is running the day. Every engagement delivered so far, with the dates checkable at each organiser, is at the speaking record.

Box of Amazing

Rahim’s free weekly letter on AI and human capability

If this was useful and you want a small amount of it each week, that is what the letter is for. Weekly essays on AI, capability and the future of work. Read by 25,000 people, every week since 2017. Free, and one click to stop.

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