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Available in HelsinkiFinland put the human-judgement test into general administrative law in a single clause, and no other European statute reviewed for this page does the same. It got there because an Ombudsman found a tax authority acting unlawfully across fifteen million decisions a year. Keynotes for boards, conferences and leadership teams in Helsinki.
Rahim Hirji is available for in-person AI keynotes in Helsinki, Finland, and for online sessions worldwide. He is a London-based keynote speaker specialising in AI and human judgement, and the author of SuperSkills (Kogan Page, 2026). He founded the skills platform EtonX, later acquired by Eton College, and led Quizlet’s international growth across more than 60 countries.
Hallintolaki chapter 8 b, and the 2019 Ombudsman findingRead at the issuing body’s own page, and quoted in full below.
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A feel for the room before you put me in front of yours.
Every keynote is tailored after a briefing call, and the larger engagements start before the day rather than on it: a diagnostic of the client's own people, so the room hears its own evidence rather than somebody else's. What the room leaves with is written down.
What that has looked like: about 1,500 people joining a session run hybrid from central London at short notice, for a technology business changing AI tools faster than its people could absorb, which became executive coaching for the transformation lead; and an agency business convening Asia, Asia-Pacific, EMEA and North America into one event, where the work was naming the recurring situations nobody had vocabulary for, and the company took that wording into its strategy.
Six of the seven engagements published on this site produced further work after the session rather than at it. The seven are set out in full at case studies, each with a line saying what it does not show.
How to read these examples. They are published to show how the work is put together, not as a client list for Helsinki. Most engagements are covered by confidentiality and are described without naming anyone; where a client is named anywhere on this site, it is with their agreement.
Finland’s Administrative Procedure Act gained a new chapter on automated decision making by act 487/2023, passed on 23 March 2023 and in force from 1 May 2023. The test it sets is a single clause. An authority may decide a matter automatically only where the matter contains no elements requiring case-by-case discretion.
No other European instrument reviewed for this page puts it that plainly. The EU AI Act runs to hundreds of articles and requires oversight without defining what would make a decision unsuitable for a machine in the first place. Finland defined it in a subordinate clause, and it is the same line this keynote spends an hour arriving at.
Two more provisions in the same chapter are worth carrying into a room. The Act defines automated as reaching an outcome without a natural person checking and approving it, which forecloses the argument that a rubber stamp counts. And an appeal against a decision may not itself be decided automatically. Whatever a machine did the first time, a person has to do it the second. The companion act adds the accountability layer: a named individual responsible for each system, a published deployment decision, and records that must allow anyone to reconstruct for five years at which stages a natural person took part.

A statute that clean does not appear from nothing. On 20 November 2019 the Deputy Parliamentary Ombudsman found the Finnish Tax Administration’s automated decision making unlawful. The reasoning is what makes it useful on a stage: official accountability had become indirect. Nobody had done anything wrong; there was simply no longer a person to whom the decision belonged. The system was issuing on the order of fifteen million decisions a year.
Parliament then legislated, in 2023. And in April 2025 the Chancellor of Justice applied the new law against Kela, the social insurance institution. A finding, a statute, and an enforcement action: four different bodies, over six years, arriving at the same conclusion about the same problem. Most countries have one of those three. Finland has the sequence.
That sequence is the honest answer to the question every board asks, which is whether any of this ever becomes real. It becomes real slowly, through somebody noticing that no human was answerable, which is the subject of the invisible work of oversight.
Finland sits second in the European Union on enterprise AI use, at 37.8 per cent against an EU average of about 20, on Eurostat’s 2025 reference year. Only Denmark is higher.
The more useful figure is the one about people rather than firms. The ministry of economic affairs and employment published its 2025 working life barometer on 9 March 2026. 45 per cent of Finnish employees say AI is used at their workplace, rising to about 70 per cent in organisations of 200 or more and 68 per cent in central government. Among those, 18 per cent say it has replaced work tasks.
A national employee survey, not a vendor panel, and it belongs beside the Japanese and Korean figures on the Asia pages as one of the few places a government has asked its own workforce rather than its own employers.
Finland’s strength here is administrative law rather than AI law. On the AI Act it is behind: the August 2025 deadline for designating national authorities passed unmet, the second phase has slipped into 2027, and there is no sandbox and no national high-risk register yet.
Saying that on a stage in Helsinki costs nothing and buys a great deal, because the room already knows. A speaker who quotes only the flattering half of a country’s record has told the audience how much of the homework was done.
Helsinki also runs a public AI register, launched jointly with Amsterdam in September 2020, listing the city’s own systems with a supervision field on each entry. Two cities deciding at the same moment that the public should be able to see what the municipality is automating.
Boards and executive committees, public sector and municipal leadership, technology and industrial companies, and the conference circuit around Slush and Nordic Business Forum. Finnish audiences tend to ask the evidence question directly and early, which suits a talk whose sources are published and graded.
He is the wrong choice for a tools demonstration, a vendor showcase or a technical AI briefing, and for any brief that needs an optimistic message with the difficult part removed. If that is the brief, the guide to choosing an AI keynote speaker names four other kinds of speaker and when to pick each.
Keynotes run 30 to 90 minutes, in person or virtual. A 30-minute main-stage version of each talk is available for conferences; the full argument needs 40 or more. The sector examples change for the room; the argument does not. All three, with the showreel, are at keynotes, and the programme copy is at the speaker pack.
Drift versus Design: why most organisations hand their judgement to AI without deciding to, and how to design your way through instead.
Most organisations are adopting AI by drift: a thousand reasonable decisions that add up to judgement nobody chose to give away. Rahim Hirji, author of SuperSkills, shows leaders which mode they are running, where AI sharpens judgement and where it weakens it, and hands them the controls.
We Are Superheroes: AI is the suit. The human decides.
AI makes everyone faster, stronger and more capable. It does not decide; people do. Through a family story across four generations and three continents, Rahim Hirji hands the audience the seven human skills that grow more valuable as the tools spread. They arrive thinking AI is the story and leave knowing they are.
WTH (What the Human): a live test of a board's own judgement.
Business is being rewired as AI arrives, and human judgement is leaving with it. In three acts, Rahim Hirji shows a board what AI is changing in how organisations run, then ends with a live test of the board's own judgement, in the room and in real time. Nobody forgets the result.
One geographical point first, because it changes the logistics and organisers outside Finland get it wrong. Keilaniemi and Otaniemi are in Espoo, a separate municipality, not in Helsinki. The metro takes about ten minutes from Helsinki Central, so it is a short journey and a different address. Ruoholahti, Kamppi and Kluuvi are Helsinki.
The Helsinki calendar, from organisers’ own pages. Nordic Business Forum runs 16 and 17 September 2026 at Messukeskus, with the organiser stating over 8,500 business leaders from more than 50 countries. Slush runs 18 and 19 November 2026, also at Messukeskus, with 17 November as its official Day 0 and an organiser figure of 12,000-plus attendees. Arctic15 returns 16 and 17 June 2027 at Kaapelitehdas.
Two things to know before a list is drawn up. Junction is in Espoo, not Helsinki. And there is no event called Helsinki Tech Weekly; the similar name in the region is Nordic Tech Week, which is Stockholm.
Rahim Hirji is a London-based keynote speaker on AI, work and human judgement and the author of SuperSkills (Kogan Page, 2026). He travels to Helsinki for boards, executive teams, conferences and leadership offsites, and delivers in English. The Helsinki version of the keynote is built on Finland's own instruments: the 2023 amendment to the Administrative Procedure Act, the 2019 Ombudsman finding that preceded it, and the ministry's own working life barometer. The research behind the talk is published in full: 367 graded studies drawn from work across more than 200 organisations in over 30 countries, each with what it does and does not prove.
Chapter 8 b of the Administrative Procedure Act, added by act 487/2023 and in force from 1 May 2023, permits an authority to decide a matter automatically only where the matter contains no elements requiring case-by-case discretion. It defines an automated decision as one reached without a natural person checking and approving it, and it prohibits deciding an appeal automatically. A companion act requires a named individual responsible for each system and records allowing five years of reconstruction of where a human took part.
Finland is second in the European Union on enterprise AI use at 37.8 per cent for the 2025 reference year, on Eurostat figures, behind Denmark. The ministry of economic affairs and employment's working life barometer, published 9 March 2026, found 45 per cent of Finnish employees say AI is used at their workplace, about 70 per cent in organisations of 200 or more and 68 per cent in central government, with 18 per cent of those saying it has replaced work tasks.
Three to six months ahead for an in-person date in Helsinki. Shorter is often possible for a virtual session, and sometimes in person where the diary is free and the talk already exists in the form you need. Ask earlier rather than later. There is one of him, he carries advisory clients and other commitments alongside the speaking, so not every date can be taken.
Most conference keynotes come in around £10,000. What moves it: the time I commit, travel, how full the diary is that month, and how far the talk is built for your room. What moves the number is set out at what an AI keynote speaker costs. Tell us the room, the date, the audience and what you need them to do differently, and you will get a number within 24 hours. Schools, universities and charities are quoted differently. On travel there is one rule: outside London you book it and you pay it, because your rates are better than his and nobody is out of pocket waiting on a reimbursement. From London to Helsinki is under three hours, so a coach fare and arrival the night before. One night is usually enough, and a same-day return is possible for an afternoon slot if that suits the budget better. A London booking carries no travel, accommodation or expenses at all.
When the decision has already been made and the session exists to announce it. When the audience has no authority over their own work, because the talk asks them to decide which repetitions are worth keeping. When the slot runs under twenty-five minutes, because the turn needs setting up. And when the session follows a vendor pitch, since order matters more than programmes usually assume. Where the conditions are wrong we will say so, and sometimes that means reshaping the session. Occasionally it means recommending somebody else.
Tell me the room, the date and the shift you need. A reply within 24 hours.
Enquire or email rahim@thesuperskills.com
Part of speaking across Europe, alongside Copenhagen and London. The parent page for all of this is AI keynote speaker. Browse every topic, audience and region, or take the speaker pack to whoever is running the day. Every engagement delivered so far, with the dates checkable at each organiser, is at the speaking record.
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