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Available in MadridSpain has the clearest statement in Europe of what a machine may not be allowed to do, and it was written for judges. It is eight months old, it is binding, and outside the legal profession almost nobody has read it.
Rahim Hirji is available for in-person AI keynotes in Madrid, Spain, and for online sessions worldwide. He is a London-based keynote speaker specialising in AI and human judgement, and the author of SuperSkills (Kogan Page, 2026). He founded the skills platform EtonX, later acquired by Eton College, and led Quizlet’s international growth across more than 60 countries.
CGPJ Instrucción 2/2026, and the Ley RiderRead at the issuing body’s own page, and quoted in full below.
Watch the showreel · 2 minutes
A feel for the room before you put me in front of yours.
Rahim has delivered an AI leadership workshop in Madrid. Of the twenty-two city pages on this site, Madrid is one of the few outside London and the Emirates that describes work done in the city itself rather than method carried to it.
How to read this. The client is not named and no date is published. It was a workshop rather than a conference keynote, and it is not presented as one.
On 28 January 2026 the Consejo General del Poder Judicial adopted Instrucción 2/2026 on the use of AI in judicial activity, published in the state gazette two days later. It binds every judge and magistrate in Spain.
Its first principle is control humano efectivo. The use of AI in judicial activity shall always be subject to real, conscious and effective human control by judges, sin que dichos sistemas puedan operar de forma autónoma para la toma de decisiones judiciales, la valoración de los hechos o de las pruebas, o la interpretación y aplicación del Derecho: such systems may not operate autonomously to take decisions, to assess facts or evidence, or to interpret and apply the law.
Three words are doing the work: real, conscious, effective. Not present. Not documented. And the instruction adds that drafts generated by AI shall in no case be considered automated decisions, which forecloses the obvious workaround. The preamble names what is being protected: the intellective and volitional capacities that form the core of the function of judging.
It is a sectoral instrument and this page says so. But it is the most precise available statement of a line that every profession is currently drawing badly, which is why it travels beyond the courts. The general version is at what is meaningful human oversight.

Spain did something else first, and it is the reason a Madrid audience should recognise this argument. The 2021 law usually called the Ley Rider gave works councils a right to be informed of the parámetros, reglas e instrucciones underlying algorithms or AI systems that affect decisions on working conditions, access to and retention of employment, including profiling.
The preamble is the quotable part, because it names the mechanism rather than the harm: algorithms deserve attention because those alterations are occurring de manera ajena al esquema tradicional de participación de las personas trabajadoras en la empresa, outside the traditional scheme of worker participation. Note it is a collective right owed to the works council, not an individual one, and it applies to all employers rather than only to platforms.
One correction worth having before a Spanish AI briefing is written, because it circulates widely and is wrong. AESIA, the Spanish AI supervision agency, is seated in A Coruña, not in Madrid, by the royal decree that created it. Nor could the common claim that it is the first national AI supervisory agency in the European Union be verified at any primary source, so it is not repeated here.
Spanish enterprise AI use is 20.3 per cent on Eurostat’s 2025 figures, thirteenth in the Union and almost exactly the EU average of about 20. Not a laggard and not a leader.
That middling position is more useful on a stage than a superlative would be. It means a Madrid audience is in the same place as most of Europe, which makes the argument about what happens next rather than about catching up. The comparison across countries, with the caution that national and Eurostat figures measure different populations, is at AI and work by country.
Boards and executive committees, banks and insurers, the large listed corporates and the IBEX headquarters, professional services firms, and the legal profession for whom the January instruction is directly binding. Delivery is in English.
If the room needs Spanish, say so early and the honest answer comes back quickly, including a recommendation elsewhere where that is the right one.
Keynotes run 30 to 90 minutes, in person or virtual. A 30-minute main-stage version of each talk is available for conferences; the full argument needs 40 or more. The sector examples change for the room; the argument does not. All three, with the showreel, are at keynotes, and the programme copy is at the speaker pack.
Drift versus Design: why most organisations hand their judgement to AI without deciding to, and how to design your way through instead.
Most organisations are adopting AI by drift: a thousand reasonable decisions that add up to judgement nobody chose to give away. Rahim Hirji, author of SuperSkills, shows leaders which mode they are running, where AI sharpens judgement and where it weakens it, and hands them the controls.
We Are Superheroes: AI is the suit. The human decides.
AI makes everyone faster, stronger and more capable. It does not decide; people do. Through a family story across four generations and three continents, Rahim Hirji hands the audience the seven human skills that grow more valuable as the tools spread. They arrive thinking AI is the story and leave knowing they are.
WTH (What the Human): a live test of a board's own judgement.
Business is being rewired as AI arrives, and human judgement is leaving with it. In three acts, Rahim Hirji shows a board what AI is changing in how organisations run, then ends with a live test of the board's own judgement, in the room and in real time. Nobody forgets the result.
One caution and one calendar note. The Palacio de Congresos on the Castellana has been closed since 2012 and is still listed as a Madrid venue by directories. And DES is in Málaga, not Madrid, which is a common error in a Spanish events plan. August in Madrid is genuinely empty in a way that few European capitals still are.
Rahim Hirji is a London-based keynote speaker on AI, work and human judgement and the author of SuperSkills (Kogan Page, 2026). He speaks in English to boards, banks, corporates and professional services audiences in Madrid. The Spanish version of the keynote works from CGPJ Instruccion 2/2026 of 28 January 2026 and from the 2021 algorithmic transparency right in Spanish employment law. The research behind the talk is published in full: 367 graded studies drawn from work across more than 200 organisations in over 30 countries, each with what it does and does not prove.
CGPJ Instruccion 2/2026, adopted 28 January 2026 and binding on every judge and magistrate in Spain, establishes a principle of effective human control: the use of AI in judicial activity is always subject to real, conscious and effective human control by judges, and such systems may not operate autonomously to take judicial decisions, to assess facts or evidence, or to interpret and apply the law. It adds that AI-generated drafts shall in no case be treated as automated decisions.
No. Spain's Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence is seated in A Coruna, under the royal decree that created it, in a building ceded by the municipality. The claim that it is the first national AI supervisory agency in the European Union could not be verified at any primary source and is not repeated on this site.
Three to six months ahead for an in-person date in Madrid. Shorter is often possible for a virtual session, and sometimes in person where the diary is free and the talk already exists in the form you need. Ask earlier rather than later. There is one of him, he carries advisory clients and other commitments alongside the speaking, so not every date can be taken.
Most conference keynotes come in around £10,000. What moves it: the time I commit, travel, how full the diary is that month, and how far the talk is built for your room. What moves the number is set out at what an AI keynote speaker costs. Tell us the room, the date, the audience and what you need them to do differently, and you will get a number within 24 hours. Schools, universities and charities are quoted differently. On travel there is one rule: outside London you book it and you pay it, because your rates are better than his and nobody is out of pocket waiting on a reimbursement. From London to Madrid is under three hours, so a coach fare and arrival the night before. One night is usually enough, and a same-day return is possible for an afternoon slot if that suits the budget better. A London booking carries no travel, accommodation or expenses at all.
When the decision has already been made and the session exists to announce it. When the audience has no authority over their own work, because the talk asks them to decide which repetitions are worth keeping. When the slot runs under twenty-five minutes, because the turn needs setting up. And when the session follows a vendor pitch, since order matters more than programmes usually assume. Where the conditions are wrong we will say so, and sometimes that means reshaping the session. Occasionally it means recommending somebody else.
Tell me the room, the date and the shift you need. A reply within 24 hours.
Enquire or email rahim@thesuperskills.com
Part of speaking across Europe, alongside Barcelona. The parent page for all of this is AI keynote speaker. Browse every topic, audience and region, or take the speaker pack to whoever is running the day. Every engagement delivered so far, with the dates checkable at each organiser, is at the speaking record.
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