Governance, accountability and oversight. What a board is responsible for knowing when the organisation adopts AI.
Of the 616 questions on the questions map, these 216 are the ones boards and directors have a specific reason to ask. 107 have a dedicated answer; the rest are partly answered or openly on the roadmap, and are marked as such rather than quietly dropped. Last reviewed 05 September 2026.
Start here
The 12 that matter most, with what the research says in one line.
- AnsweredWhat should a board ask about AI?
Twelve questions, each paired with the answer that should worry you. Ask two or three in passing rather than as an agenda item.
- AnsweredIs our AI adoption drift or design?
Most organisations are not choosing. They are accumulating decisions that were never made, which is drift with a strategy document attached.
- AnsweredWhat is the AI readiness lie?
Readiness assessments measure intent and infrastructure. Neither predicts whether capability survives contact with the tools.
- AnsweredWho is accountable when AI gets it wrong?
A person or an organisation, since nothing else can be. Whether that accountability is fair is the harder question, and it fails wherever they could not have evaluated the output.
- PartialWhat are we legally required to do now?
Article 4 on literacy since February 2025, Article 14 on oversight since August 2026. Not legal advice, and the guidance does not exist yet.
- AnsweredHow do you audit an AI-assisted decision?
Article 12 requires the log. Article 14 does not require per-decision review, except for biometric identification, which almost everyone gets wrong.
- AnsweredIs usage the same as adoption?
No. Seat counts and prompt volumes measure activity. Nothing in them says capability changed.
- AnsweredWhat is capability debt?
Capability an organisation has stopped maintaining but still assumes it has. It comes due when the system fails or the question is novel.
- AnsweredShould we cut headcount because of AI?
Open, and the useful version names the cases where it destroyed capability.
- AnsweredWhat is meaningful human oversight?
A term from the autonomous-weapons literature now appearing in regulation. Open, and increasingly commercially relevant.
- AnsweredIs my organisation measuring the right thing?
Almost certainly not. Licences, seats and prompts all rise while nothing changes about capability.
- AnsweredAre executives reading summaries instead of the source?
A quiet change in how senior decisions get made, with no measurement anywhere. Open.
Everything else boards and directors ask
Grouped the way the map is grouped. Each links to its answer, or to its place on the map if it is still open.
Me and AI
- PartialWhat should I never delegate to AI?
- AnsweredWhat do I lose when AI summarises something for me?
- PartialShould I use primary sources rather than an AI summary?
Thinking
- AnsweredDoes AI make everyone think alike?
- OpenDoes AI make confirmation bias worse?
- AnsweredHow do you change your mind?
- AnsweredWhat is intellectual humility?
Judgement
- AnsweredDoes AI weaken human judgement?
- AnsweredWhat is automation bias?
- AnsweredIs human in the loop enough?
- AnsweredShould humans always make the final decision?
- AnsweredDo agents change the judgement question?
- AnsweredWhat is the difference between a good decision and a good outcome?
- PartialDoes explaining an AI's reasoning help?
- AnsweredWhat is automation complacency?
Learning
Career
- PartialAm I hiring for capability or for output?
- AnsweredHow does AI affect older workers?
- AnsweredWhat happens to people who cannot afford the better AI tools?
- PartialWill AI replace tasks or whole jobs?
- AnsweredWho captures the productivity gains from AI?
Skills
- OpenAre human skills actually becoming scarcer?
- AnsweredWhat is big picture thinking?
- AnsweredWhat is principled innovation?
- AnsweredWhat is deskilling?
Work
- AnsweredWhat stays human?
- AnsweredHow do humans and AI make decisions together?
- AnsweredWhat is AI literacy, and is it the right goal?
- AnsweredWhat happens to institutional memory?
- AnsweredWhat is the difference between augmentation and automation?
- PartialHow do I decide what to automate?
- PartialWhat is human-on-the-loop?
- OpenWho owns AI-generated work?
- PartialWho ends up worse off as AI spreads?
Leadership
- AnsweredShould the chief executive own AI personally?
- PartialWhat does a chief executive need to understand that a CTO does not?
- AnsweredDoes where we put AI say what we believe about our people?
- AnsweredWho is accountable when AI reduces capability rather than cost?
- PartialWhat should a board ask when an AI strategy is presented?
- PartialHow do we tell an ambitious AI strategy from a reckless one?
- OpenOur AI strategy was written eighteen months ago. What is now wrong with it?
- AnsweredHow should leaders respond to AI?
- AnsweredWhat does AI literacy mean for leaders?
- AnsweredWho owns verification when AI does the work?
- AnsweredHow should decision rights be allocated?
- AnsweredHow do you measure AI adoption properly?
- AnsweredHow do you write an AI use policy that works?
- AnsweredShould leaders use AI themselves?
- AnsweredIs AI a change management problem?
- AnsweredWhat goes wrong in AI transformations?
- AnsweredWhat should a chief executive understand personally before approving AI deployment?
- AnsweredWho decides which human capabilities are worth preserving?
- AnsweredIs our AI policy actually enforceable?
- AnsweredHow do we allocate AI decision rights?
- OpenWhat AI risks could be material to this company?
- PartialWhat is our appetite for AI risk?
- PartialWhich AI decisions should come to the board?
- AnsweredWhat should management report to the board about AI every quarter?
- PartialWhat would an effective board AI dashboard contain?
- OpenHow does the board know management's claims about AI are true?
- OpenDoes the board need independent assurance over AI?
- PartialWho audits our AI systems?
- PartialHow do we know our AI controls actually work?
- OpenWhat would constitute a serious AI incident?
- OpenWhat happens when an AI incident occurs?
- OpenWhich AI failures must be reported to the board?
- OpenShould AI oversight sit with the full board or a committee?
- OpenDoes our board have enough AI expertise?
- OpenShould we appoint a director with AI expertise?
- AnsweredHow should directors themselves use AI?
- OpenShould directors put confidential board papers into AI systems?
- OpenCan a director rely on an AI-generated summary of a board paper?
- OpenHow should AI use in board decision-making be recorded?
- OpenCould using AI change a director's duties?
- OpenHow should the board oversee AI used by suppliers and third parties?
- OpenHow should AI change our approach to mergers and acquisitions?
- OpenWhat AI capability should we look for when acquiring a company?
- OpenWhat happens to continuity planning if AI becomes critical infrastructure?
Organisations
- AnsweredWho should own AI strategy in an organisation?
- AnsweredIs AI a technology strategy or a people strategy?
- AnsweredWhat does it mean if AI sits under operations rather than strategy?
- AnsweredIs AI an augmentation play or a replacement play?
- AnsweredCan an organisation pursue augmentation and replacement at the same time?
- AnsweredHow do you tell which one your organisation is actually pursuing?
- PartialWhat is missing from most AI strategies?
- PartialHow do you fix an AI strategy that has gone wrong?
- PartialOur AI programme stalled. Is that a technology problem or a capability one?
- PartialHow do you know an AI strategy is working?
- AnsweredWho should own AI implementation inside an organisation?
- AnsweredShould AI implementation sit with IT, transformation or the business?
- AnsweredWhat does a good AI implementation team look like?
- AnsweredWhen should we stop or reverse an AI deployment?
- AnsweredWhy do AI pilots succeed and rollouts fail?
- AnsweredWhat is an AI workforce strategy?
- PartialDoes AI reduce or increase headcount?
- AnsweredHow do you avoid capability debt?
- AnsweredWhat is usage theatre?
- AnsweredWhat does good AI adoption look like a year in?
- AnsweredHow should small organisations approach AI?
- AnsweredHow should the public sector approach AI?
- AnsweredWhat is human capability in the age of AI?
- AnsweredHow do you measure human capability in an organisation?
- AnsweredWhat is the difference between AI adoption and human capability?
- AnsweredIs AI hype or doom?
- AnsweredDoes AI make organisations smaller but more fragile?
- AnsweredDoes AI increase organisational sycophancy?
- PartialHow should AI change our workforce plan?
- OpenHow many people will we need in three years because of AI?
- PartialWhich roles should we grow, shrink, redesign or remove?
- PartialHow should AI change our organisation structure?
- PartialWill AI reduce the number of management layers we need?
- OpenShould managers be responsible for more people when they have AI?
- OpenHow should AI change spans of control?
- OpenHow should we redesign job descriptions for AI-assisted work?
- PartialHow should we redesign our job architecture for AI?
- OpenWhich jobs should we redesign before we consider redundancies?
- OpenWhen should we redeploy people rather than remove roles?
- OpenHow should we identify employees whose jobs are most likely to change?
- OpenHow should we consult employees when AI changes their jobs?
- OpenWhat should we tell employees about our intentions for AI and headcount?
- OpenHow transparent should we be about which jobs AI may affect?
- OpenHow do we maintain trust when employees think AI is being introduced to replace them?
- OpenHow should we involve employees in deciding how AI changes their work?
Talent
- PartialWhat do universities owe students on this?
- AnsweredHow do you keep expertise in an organisation?
Everyday life
- PartialMy teenager uses AI for everything. Is that different from my team doing it?
- OpenI set an AI policy at work. What would the same policy look like at home?
- PartialWhat would I want my own child’s employer to do about this?
Evidence and the wider picture
- AnsweredWhat do we actually know about AI and human capability?
- AnsweredWhere is the evidence on AI and human capability?
- AnsweredWhich books and papers on AI and human capability actually matter?
- AnsweredWere past predictions about AI and work correct?
- AnsweredWhat do the key terms about AI and human capability mean?
- AnsweredWhat is the SuperSkills argument about AI and human capability?
- AnsweredHow strong is the evidence that AI weakens human capability?
- AnsweredWhat does the evidence on AI and human capability not show?
- AnsweredWhat is happening outside the US and UK?
- PartialHow does this research compare with the WEF Future of Jobs report?
- OpenHow does this research compare with the OECD's work on skills?
- AnsweredCan capability loss from AI actually be measured?
- PartialWhat evidence would change your mind about AI and capability?
- AnsweredWhat should I read about AI and human capability?
- AnsweredWhich AI reports are worth reading?
- AnsweredAre the most quoted AI statistics true?
- PartialWhy is the AI debate so much louder than the evidence?
- AnsweredWhat is happening with AI and work in Asia?
- AnsweredDoes any government address AI deskilling in policy?
- AnsweredWhat is happening with AI and work in the Gulf?
- AnsweredDo Gulf AI frameworks address deskilling?
- AnsweredWhat is happening with AI and work in Japan?
- OpenWhat is happening with AI and work in India?
- OpenWhat is happening with AI and work in Germany?
- OpenWhat obligations do companies have to preserve human capability?
- OpenShould governments care about AI-driven deskilling?
- PartialHow much of the workforce is actually exposed to AI?
- PartialWho else is mapping this territory, and what do they cover?
- OpenWhere is this research weaker than the alternatives?
Agents and autonomy
- AnsweredWhat changes when AI acts instead of answering?
- AnsweredWho is responsible when an agent makes a mistake?
- PartialHow do you supervise something that does not wait for you?
- OpenCan agents manage other agents?
- PartialHow much autonomy is too much?
- OpenWhat is an AI agent?
- PartialWhat limits should an AI agent have?
- PartialWhat is meaningful human control?
Professions and sectors
- AnsweredHow will AI change the public sector?
- OpenHow will AI change small businesses?
- AnsweredWhich professions face the greatest deskilling risk?
- AnsweredWhat can professions learn from aviation and automation?
- PartialWhat should every profession deliberately keep human?
Economics and value
- PartialWhere is AI actually creating economic value in our organisation?
- OpenHow much should we be investing in AI?
- PartialWhat return should we expect from our AI investment?
- AnsweredHow long should we give an AI investment before deciding whether it worked?
- AnsweredWhich AI investments should we stop?
- PartialWhere will AI change our competitive advantage?
- AnsweredIf every competitor has access to the same AI, where does our advantage come from?
- AnsweredWhat becomes more valuable in our business as AI becomes cheaper?
- PartialWhich parts of our business model does AI make obsolete?
- OpenCould a competitor with far fewer people outperform us?
- OpenWhat would we build differently if we were starting this company today with AI?
- PartialAre we using AI to reduce costs or to create new growth?
- PartialWhat should we do with the productivity gains from AI?
- OpenIf AI saves 20 per cent of someone's time, what should happen to that 20 per cent?
- PartialHow much smaller should our organisation become because of AI?
- PartialWhat should our organisation look like in three years if AI keeps improving?
- OpenWhat are we doing today that we should stop doing because AI exists?
- PartialWhat happens if our biggest AI provider becomes unavailable?
- PartialAre we becoming strategically dependent on one AI company?
- PartialWhat capability are we transferring to our AI vendors without deciding to?
Operating model
- OpenWhat does an AI-native operating model look like?
- PartialWhat work should humans do in an AI-native organisation?
- PartialHow should decisions move through an AI-enabled organisation?
- PartialWhich decisions should become faster because of AI?
- AnsweredWhich decisions should become slower because of AI?
- PartialWhat happens to organisational layers when information no longer travels through managers?
- AnsweredWhat happens to functions whose purpose was moving information around?
- AnsweredHow do humans and agents divide work across a whole process?
- AnsweredWhen agents become part of the workforce, who manages them?
- AnsweredShould AI agents appear on an organisation chart?
- PartialWho owns the performance of an AI agent?
- PartialCan an AI agent have delegated authority?
- OpenWhat happens when an employee manages more agents than people?
- OpenHow should human and digital labour be budgeted differently?
If this is your brief
Governance, accountability and oversight. What a board is responsible for knowing when the organisation adopts AI.
The keynote for this audience · Advisory and coaching · Enquire
Same questions, different reader: CHROs and HR leaders School and university leaders Early career and graduates Managers and team leads Regulated and expert professions Parents The full map, all 616